Sistim Informasi Manajemen adalah suatu
sistem yang menyediakan data maupun informasi yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan
tugas-tugas organisasi kepada pengelola organisasi atau bisa juga dikatakan
bahwa Sistim Informasi Manajemen
merupakan suatu sistem formal tentang pelaporan, penggolongan dan penyebaran informasi kepada
orang-orang yang tepat dalam suatu organisasi. Lebih lengkapnya SIM adalah
jaringan prosedur pengolahan data yang dikembangkan dalam organisasi dengan
maksud memberikan data kepada manajemen setiap waktu diperlukan, baik data yang
bersifat intern maupun yang bersifat ekstern, untuk dasar pengambilan keputusan
dalam rangka mencapai tujuan organisasi. Dengan demikian Sistim Informasi Manajemen yang sudah maju
tidak hanya mengerjakan fungsi tata usaha akan tetapi juga memberikan bantuan
pengambilan keputusan kepada manajemen. Dengan SIM kegiatan organisasi yang
berupa pelaporan dapat di standarisasi, dibuat prosedurnya dan dijadwalkan,
sehingga sistem pelaporan akan memberikan data yang cermat, tepat waktu dan
yang mempunyai makna bagi perencanaan, analisis/ pengorganisasian dan
pengendalian manajemen untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan organisasi, serta
proses tersebut dapat dilakukan secara
hemat.
Supaya informasi yang dihasilkan oleh sistem informasi
dapat berguna bagi manajamen, maka analis sistem harus mengetahui
kebutuhan-kebutuhan informasi yang dibutuhkannya, yaitu dengan mengetahui
kegiatan-kegiatan untuk masing-masing tingkat (level) manajemen dan tipe
keputusan yang diambilnya. Berdasarkan pada pengertian-pengertian di atas, maka
terlihat bahwa tujuan dibentuknya Sistem Informasi Manajemen atau SIM adalah
supaya organisasi memiliki informasi yang bermanfaat dalam pembuatan keputusan
manajemen, baik yang meyangkut keputusan-keputusan rutin maupun
keputusan-keputusan yang strategis. Sehingga SIM adalah suatu sistem yang
menyediakan kepada pengelola organisasi data maupun informasi yang berkaitan
dengan pelaksanaan tugas-tugas organisasi.
Beberapa
manfaat atau fungsi sistem informasi antara lain adalah
sebagai berikut:
1. Meningkatkan aksesibilitas data yang tersaji secara tepat waktu dan akurat bagi para pemakai, tanpa mengharuskan adanya prantara sistem informasi.
2. Menjamin
tersedianya kualitas dan keterampilan dalam memanfaatkan sistem informasi
secara kritis.
3.
Mengembangkan proses perencanaan yang efektif.
4.
Mengidentifikasi kebutuhan-kebutuhan akan keterampilan pendukung sistem
informasi.
5.
Menetapkan investasi yang akan diarahkan pada sistem informasi.
6.
Mengantisipasi dan memahami konsekuensi-konsekuensi ekonomis dari sistem
informasi dan teknologi baru.
7.
Memperbaiki produktivitas dalam aplikasi pengembangan dan pemeliharaan sistem.
8.
Organisasi menggunakan sistem informasi untuk mengolah transaksi-transaksi,
mengurangi biaya dan menghasilkan pendapatan sebagai salah satu produk atau
pelayanan mereka.
Sistem
informasi manajemen kepegawaian merupakan implementasi E-Government dalam
pelayanan di bidang kepegawaian secara transparan dan objektif. Sistem ini
selain menyajikan informasi yang terkait dengan kepegawaian, khusus untuk
meningkatkan pelayanan di bidang mutasi kepegawaian. Sistem informasi manajemen
kepegawaian bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada. Permasalan
yang ada diantaranya adalah PNS yang status kepegawaiannya tidak jelas, hal ini
menggambarkan buruknya administrasi kepegawaian yang ada, PNS yang sudah
pensiun, meninggal atau berhenti data kepegawaiannya tidak diperbaharui. Data
PNS tidak up todate, sehingga jumlah PNS tidak diketahui secara pasti, dan data
yang ada saling berbeda, pemutakhiran data tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya,
baik di instansi, maupun Pemerintah Daerah.
Tujuan
Sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian di Lingkup Pemerintahan :
1. Mewujudkan
data kepegawaian yang mutakhir dan terintegrasi.
2. Menyediakan
Informasi PNS yang akurat untuk keperluan perencanaan, pengembangan,
kesejahteraan dan pengendalian PNS
3. Membantu
Kelancaran pekerjaan di bidang kepegawaian, terutama dalam pembuatan laporan
4. Untuk
mendukung Sistem Manajemen PNS yang rasional dan pengembangan SDM di Aparatur
Pemerintah
Manfaat
Sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian
1. Pelacakan informasi data seseorang pegawai
akan mudah dan cepat.
2. Pembuatan Laporan dapat mudah dikerjakan.
3. Mengetahui Pegawai yang akan naik pangkat dan
yang akan mendapat kenaikan gaji berkala
4. Memudahkan suatu pekerjaan yang berhubungan
dengan kepegawaian
5. Mendapatkan informasi tentang keadaan pegawai
(Profil Kepegawaian) yang cepat dan akurat
6. Dapat merencanakan penyebaran (mutasi) pegawai
sesuai pendidikan dan kompetensinya
7. Merencanakan Kebutuhan Pegawai (Neraca
Kebutuhan Pegawai )
Tujuan
dan manfaat penggunan SIM didalam odministrasi negara
Sistem
informasi manajemen adalah merupakan salah satu konsep yang penting dalam ilmu
administrasi negara. Organisasi publik sebagai fokus dalam administrasi negara
selalu mengkaitkan segala sumber daya dalam mencapai tujuannya. Salah satu
sumber daya yang cukup penting adalah informasi. Bahkan, menurut Mudrick
(Robert Mudrick, 1984:5), informasi ini dianalogikan sebagai darah dalam
organisasi. Ini berarti kalau aliran darah mengalami hambatan, maka organisasi
akan jatuh pada posisi tidak sehat.
Indikator
kesehatan organisasi akan terlihat pada: lancar atau tidaknya pencapaian tujuan
organisasi. Ketidakstabilan dalam pencapaian tujuan karena terhambatnya
informasi termanifestasi dalam, antara laian hasil keputusan yang
menggambarakan persoalan yang dihadapi,
karena memang tidak didukung dengan informsdi yang berkualitas, yang dibarengi
dengan proses komunikasi yang tidak sampai sasaran baik karena kesalahan user
ataupun penyajian output dari analis sistem, pengaruh yang lain adalah
berkaitan dengan proses manajemennya.
Komponen-komponen
sistem informasi manajemen meliputi (F.F. Land dan M. Kennedy-McGregor dalam
Galliers, 1987:86):
1. Sistem
informal yang meliputi sistem diskursus dan interaksi anatara individu dan
kelompok kerja di dalam organisasi.
2. Sistem
formal meliputi sistem aturan, batasan-batasan organisasi dan batasan wewenang.
3. Sistem
komputer formal yang meliputi aktivitas-aktivitas organisasi melalui
formalisasi dan pemprograman.
4. Sistem
komputer informasi dikaitkan dengan penanganan komputer secara personal dan kemungkinan
panggunaan sistem secar formal serta jaringan komputer sebagai sarana panyatuan
informasi yang tidak terstruktur dan informasi-informasi informal.
5. Sistem
eksternal, formal dan informal.
Fokus pembicaraan sistem informasi manajmen adalah
masalah pembuatan keputusan demi eksistensi organisasi. Pembuatan keputusan
berkaitan dengan jenis-jenis keputusan selain juga dengan masalah manajmen
dalam konteks organisasi yang labih luas. khususnya dalam kaitannya dengan
jenis-jenis keputusan, di dalam teori dikenal dua jenis keputusan yaitu:
Petama,
banyak ditandai dengan keputusan rutin dlam organisasi yang bersifat historis.
Keputusan ini keputusan ini sering kali dibuat dan sangat cepat diakses dari
komputer.
Kedua,
memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Keputusan ini ditandai dengan keputusan
jangka panjang yang dibarengi dengan prediksi dimasa depan. Frekuensi
pengambilan keputusan ini sangat jarang dan berisi informasai yang sifatnya
sangat kualitatif, bahkan banyak dipengaruhi oleh informasi yang sifatya
informal.
Pada kerangka sistem informasi manajemen sebenarmya
dikenal dua konsep yang berhubungan langsung dengan pembuatan keputusan, yakni
SDS, stucture decision system dan
DSS, decision support system (Gory
dan Morton dalam Golembieeski, 1967:320-340) SDS lebih mencerminkan proses keputusan
yang banyak diwarnai dengan informasi yang terprogram dan rutin, DSS harus didukung dengan
informasi kualitatif. antara SDS dan DSS terdapat perbedaan level yang sangat
jelas. Perbedaan ini menghendaki dukungan software dan pola komunikasi yang berbeda
pula. Namun dalam kerangka informasi manajmen yang tradisional kedua pola
keputusan tersebut dikategorikan kedalam sistem informasi yang didukung dengan
software dan pola komunikasi yang sama dan diterapakan pada organsasi baik publik
maupun swasta. Tentunya dalam beberapa hal, hal ini tidak efektif dalam mendukung
suatu keputusan. Untuk itulah sebelum kerangka sistem informasi manajemen untuk
orgasisasi publik disusun, langkah yang pertama adalah mambuat analisa dan
kritik terhadap model tradisional tersebut. Model tersebut dikemukan oleh
Anthony dan Simon (Gorry dan Morton dalam Golembiewski, 1976:320-340). Selanjutnya
penulis akan membandingkannya dengan model yang lebih sesuai dengan proses yang
terjadi pada organisasi publik yang dikembangkan oleh Barry M. Rubin (Rubin
dalam PAR, 1986:540-551). Kritik ini kemukakan sekaligus untuk menekankan bahwa
terdapat perbedaan prinsip antara kerangka informasi manajemen pada organisasi
publik dan orgnisasi swasta. Dasar teorotis karangka sistem informasi manajemen
yang dikemukakan oleh Anthony dan Simon adalah sebagai berikut: mereka melihat
bahwa ativitas utama dalam organisasi adalah aktivitas manajerial yang meliputi:
perencanaan strategis, alokasi sumber daya, dan kontrol operasional.
Masing-masing aktivitas tersebut menandakan level manajerial dalam organisasi,
yakni level manajemen puncak, manjemen menengah, dan operasioanl. Dengan
menggunakan diagram Anthony dan Simon merumuskan kerangka sistem informasi
manajemen sebagai berikut:
Terstuktur
Semi terstuktur
Tidak terstuktur
|
Kontrol
operasional
|
Alokasi
sumber daya
|
Perencanaan
strategis
|
SDS
|
|||
D
|
S S
|
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